George Jabbour joined between 1966 and 1968 the professional staff of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, working in the Department of the General Conference and Board of Governors. In 1969, while based in Beirut as a political activist, he prepared the pioneering volume Settler Colonialism in Southern Africa and the Middle East under contract with the Palestine Research Center directed by the late Dr Anis Sayegh. From 1970 to 1977 he served as adviser at the Syrian Presidential Palace. He returned to the Palace from 1979 to 1989 after a period as professor and chairperson of the Department of Politics at the Institute of Arab Studies and Research in Cairo. From 1989 to 1998 he advised the Syrian prime minister, having been transferred from the Palace after the party formally banned his book on Syria. He retired as a civil servant in 1998, later becoming a member of parliament from 2003 to 2007 and serving as president of the United Nations Association of Syria from 2004 to 2022, thereafter becoming its honorary president. Alongside these roles, from 1964 to 2010 he taught as a professorial lecturer at the American University in Washington, DC, Georgetown University, Damascus University and Aleppo University. .


